Method and system for locating a person and medium comprising instructions for performing the method

ABSTRACT

A method for localizing a person in surroundings equipped with fixed electrical appliances includes measuring an electromagnetic field radiated by one or more of these fixed electrical appliances with a magnetometer carried by the person, identifying a fixed appliance operating near the magnetometer by comparing the measured field with pre-recorded magnetic signatures. Each pre-recorded magnetic signature is associated with an electrical appliance present in the surroundings. The person is then localized at least in part based on pre-recorded items of information that correspond to localization, in the surroundings, of the fixed electrical appliance as identified by its magnetic signature.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Under 35 USC 119, this application claims the benefit of the Sep. 15,2009 priority date of French Application No. FR0956333, the contents ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The invention pertains to a method and a system for locating a person inan environment or surroundings equipped with fixed electricalappliances. The invention also pertains to an information-recordingmedium for implementing this method.

The environment or surroundings of a person are the space in which he ismoving. This is typically a building such as a house or an apartment.

It is necessary in many applications to locate a person in hissurroundings. For example, this is especially useful for monitoring andidentifying the activities of an elderly person alone in his house. Thiscan also be useful for first-aid workers who need to swiftly localizethe person needing their help. It may also be used in home automationapplications such as the management of the energy consumed in abuilding.

-   -   Hitherto, there have been known ways of locating a person in his        surroundings:

either by equipping his surroundings with monitoring sensors such as acamera or several receiver antennas enabling the position of atransmitter carried by the person to be located by trigonometry;

-   -   or by equipping this person with a position sensor such as a GPS        (Global Positioning System) sensor for outdoor applications.

These prior-art systems and methods for locating a person in hissurroundings are complex to implement.

SUMMARY

The invention seeks to overcome this drawback by proposing a method forlocalizing a person comprising:

-   -   the measuring of an electromagnetic field radiated by one or        more of these fixed electrical appliances by means of a        magnetometer carried by the person to be localized,    -   the identifying of the fixed electrical appliance operating in        proximity to the magnetometer by comparing the measured magnetic        field with pre-recorded magnetic signatures, each pre-recorded        magnetic signature being associated with a respective electrical        appliance present in the surroundings, and    -   the localizing of the person from pre-recorded items of        information on the localization in the surroundings of the fixed        electrical appliance identified by its magnetic signature.

In the above method, the person is localized in his surroundings by thedetermining of his proximity to a fixed electrical appliance. There area great many fixed electrical appliances pre-existing in a person'ssurroundings, for example an oven, a washing machine or a televisionset. It is therefore not necessary to equip the person's surroundingswith fixed electrical appliances specifically dedicated to localizingthis person. This simplifies the implementation of this method.

This method exploits the fact that each electrical appliance “naturally”has a magnetic signature proper to it. It is therefore not necessary todesign or modify the fixed electrical appliances present in the person'ssurroundings so that each of them has a recognizable magnetic signature.This is part of the simplicity of implementation of this method since,ultimately, the only additional appliance that must be introduced intothe person's surroundings is the magnetometer that he is carrying.

The embodiments of this method may comprise one or more of the followingcharacteristics:

-   -   the identifying of the electrical appliance comprises:    -   computing at least one ratio between the moduli of two spectral        components of the electromagnetic field measured at two        different frequencies, and    -   comparing this computed ratio or ratios with reference ratios        constituting pre-recorded magnetic signatures;    -   the method comprises the filtering of the measured magnetic        field to perform the identification step solely from the        spectral components of the measured magnetic field that are        greater than 10 Hz;    -   for surroundings furthermore comprising fixed magnetic        disturbing elements, each capable of producing a local        disturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field, the method        comprises:    -   measuring the disturbed terrestrial magnetic field by means of a        magnetometer carried by the person, and    -   identifying the local disturbance in which the magnetometer is        located by comparing the measured disturbed terrestrial magnetic        field with pre-recorded magnetic signatures of local        disturbances of the terrestrial magnetic field measurable in        these surroundings, and    -   localizing the person from pre-recorded items of information on        the localization in the surroundings of the local disturbance        identified by its magnetic signature.    -   the method includes the measurement, by means of a magnetometer,        of an angle between a reference direction of the magnetometer        attached to the person and the magnetic north;    -   the method includes the comparing of a characteristic of the        magnetic field measured by the magnetometer with a predetermined        threshold and the inhibition of the identification of the        electrical appliance if this characteristic crosses this        predetermined threshold and, if not, the continuing of the        identification of the electrical appliance.

These embodiments of the method furthermore have the followingadvantages:

-   -   the use of a ratio between the moduli of two components of the        frequency spectrum of the measured electromagnetic field gives a        magnetic signature that does not vary as a function of the        distance between the magnetometer of the electrical appliance to        be identified,    -   the use of only the high-frequency components of the measured        magnetic field makes the method independent of the earth's        magnetic field and therefore of the place at which it is        implemented on the terrestrial globe,    -   the use of local disturbances of the terrestrial magnetic field        improves the localizing of this person,    -   measuring the angle between the reference system of the        magnetometer and the given magnetic north furthermore gives an        indication on the orientation of the person in his surroundings,        and    -   inhibiting the identification of the electrical appliance if a        characteristic of a measured electromagnetic field crosses a        predetermined threshold prevents unnecessary processing        operations.

An object of the invention is also an information-recording mediumcomprising instructions for implementing the above method when theseinstructions are executed by an electronic computer.

Finally, an object of the invention is also a system for localizing aperson, this system comprising:

-   -   a magnetometer that can be carried by the person to be        localized,    -   a data base containing pre-recorded magnetic signatures each        capable of enabling the identification of a fixed electrical        appliance in the surroundings among several fixed electrical        appliances present in these surroundings, and    -   a computer capable of:    -   identifying the fixed electrical appliance operating in        proximity to the magnetometer by comparing the electromagnetic        field measured by the magnetometer with the pre-recorded        magnetic signatures contained in the data base, and    -   localizing the person from pre-recorded information items on the        localization in the surroundings of the fixed electrical        appliance identified by its magnetic signature.

The embodiments of this system may comprise the followingcharacteristic:

-   -   the system comprises fixed electrical appliances present in the        surroundings the magnetic signatures of which are contained in        the data base, these electrical appliances being chosen from the        group comprising domestic electrical appliances, lighting        appliances, electrical convection devices, multimedia        appliances.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be understood more clearly from the followingdescription, given purely by way of a non-restrictive example and madewith the reference to the appended drawings, of which:

FIG. 1 is schematic illustration of a system for localizing anddetermining the activity of a person in his surroundings,

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a monitoring device carried by theperson monitored by the system of FIG. 1,

FIGS. 3 to 6 are schematic illustrations of data bases used in thesystem of FIG. 1,

FIG. 7 is flowchart of a method for localizing and determining theactivity of a person by means of the system of FIG. 1, and

FIGS. 8 and 9 are illustrations of frequency spectra of two differentelectrical appliances.

In these figures, the same references are used to designate the sameelements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Here below in this description, characteristics and functions well knownto those skilled in the art are not described in detail.

FIG. 1 shows a system 2 for localizing and determining the activity of aperson 4 in surroundings 6. Here the surroundings 6 consist of a house6.

The system 2 has numerous electrical appliances installed in thesurroundings 6.

The electrical appliances are appliances powered by an electrical supplycurrent. Typically, the supply current is the mains current. It istherefore essentially an alternating current whose fundamental frequencyis below 100 Hz. For example, in Europe, the fundamental frequency is 50Hz whereas in the United States it is 60 Hz. Powered electricalappliances radiate an electromagnetic field in their vicinity thatvaries rapidly over time. Here, we consider only the magnetic componentof the field for which the propagation phenomena are negligible, thephenomenon being essentially a diffusion phenomenon. The frequencyspectrum of this radiated electromagnetic field therefore has“high-frequency” components that are integer multiples of thefundamental frequency of the power supply current. Here, the term“high-frequency” is defined in relation to the DC magnetic field. Thefrequencies are for example frequencies of over 10 Hz. The modulus ofthese high-frequency components is several times greater than thebackground noise as long as the position is in proximity to theelectrical appliance. It may be recalled that the energy of the radiatedelectromagnetic field decreases very rapidly with distance from theelectrical appliance. For example, depending on the applianceconsidered, the modulus of the radiated electromagnetic field decreasesproportionally to 1/R or 1/R³, where R is the distance between theappliance and the magnetometer.

Typically, the frequency spectrum of the electrical appliances shows apeak for the fundamental frequency of the power supply current and otherpeaks for the harmonics of the power supply current. Thus. In the caseof a 50 Hz power supply current, the frequency spectrum of theelectrical appliance shows peaks for the 50 Hz frequency and also forinteger multiples of 50 Hz. Other appliances may also show peaks forfrequencies other than the harmonics of the fundamental frequency of thepower supply current. This is the case for example if the appliancecreates a power supply current at a frequency different from that of themains. Thus, there are electrical appliances capable of making a 60 Hzpower supply current out of a 50 Hz power supply current or vice versa.

A fixed electrical appliance and more generally any fixed object is anobject whose position does not vary in the surroundings of the person.For example, the object is fixed because:

-   -   It is rigidly fixed to an immobile support such as a wall or a        ceiling, or    -   it is difficult to transport because of its great weight.

A weight is considered to be great if it is above 5 Kg.

These electrical appliances include electrical appliances herein called“off-switchable” appliances. These off-switchable electrical appliancesare electrical appliances that can be switched over in response to acommand from a person between an off mode and an on mode. In the onmode, the off-switchable electrical appliances radiate anelectromagnetic field corresponding to a magnetic signaturecharacteristic of this appliance. In the off mode, the off-switchableelectrical appliances do not radiate any electromagnetic field or theyradiate an electromagnetic field corresponding to a magnetic signaturedifferent from the one characterizing the same appliance in on mode.

A magnetic signature of an electrical appliance and more generally ofany source of a magnetic field is a discriminant set of characteristicsof the magnetic field radiated by this source that enables it to beidentified from among several magnetic field sources.

To simplify FIG. 1, only a few examples of electrical appliances areshown.

Here, the system 2 has the following off-switchable electricalappliances:

-   -   an oven 10 installed in a kitchen 12,    -   a kettle 14 also installed in the kitchen 12,    -   a television set 16 installed in the sitting room 18, and    -   a washing machine 20 installed in a laundry room 22.

These electrical appliances 10, 14, 16 and 20 have the common feature ofbeing capable of being switched directly by the person 4 between the offmode in which the electrical appliances do not consume any electricalenergy or consume very little electrical energy and the on mode in whichthese electrical appliances consume electrical energy. For example, theperson 4 will switch these appliances between the off mode and the onmode by pressing a button.

Since their power consumption is very low or zero in the off mode, theyalso radiate very little electromagnetic field and therefore do not havea magnetic signature that is detectable in the background noise.Conversely, in the on mode, these appliances have a magnetic signaturedetectable by the system 2.

The system 2 also has electrical appliances that are not directlycontrollable by the person 4. For example, the appliance may be anelectrical cable 24 passing through a floor or a wall of the house. Itcan also be an electrical convector 26 whose switching between the offmode and the on mode is automatically controlled from a temperaturesensor installed in the house.

Among these electrical appliances, some are fixed while others areeasily transportable by the person 4. Here, the fixed electricalappliances are the oven 4, the television set 6, the washing machine 20,the cable 24 and the convector 26. Conversely, the kettle 14 is atransportable electrical appliance.

The system 2 also has fixed magnetic disturbing elements which locallydisturb the lines of the terrestrial magnetic field without in any waybeing thereby powered by electrical current. They can be ferromagneticmasses which, if the terrestrial magnetic field were to be eliminated,would generate no magnetic field themselves. They can also be sources ofremnant magnetic fields such as magnets which generate a dc magneticfield independently of the terrestrial magnetic field or any othermagnetic field source.

Only some magnetic disturbing elements have been shown in thesurroundings 16. For example, the system 2 has a reinforcement 30 for aconcrete wall. The metal structure of the washing machine 20 also formsa magnetic disturbing element capable of producing a detectable localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field.

The system 2 is equipped with a monitoring appliance 34 connected to anelectronic computer 36. Here, the appliance 34 is connected to thecomputer 36 by means of a wireless link 38 between the appliance 34 anda receiver 40 placed in the house or by an information-transmittingnetwork 42 connecting the receiver 40 to the computer 36. The network 42is an information-transmission network for transmitting information overgreat distances, for example a telephone network or the Internet.Conversely, the link 38 is a short-distance link whose range is smallerthan 100 or 300 meters.

The computer 36 is a programmable computer capable of executinginstructions recorded in an information-recording medium to implementthe method of FIG. 7. To this end, the computer 36 is connected to amemory 44 containing the data and instructions needed to execute themethod of FIG. 7.

The appliance 34 is carried by the person 4. For example, this appliance34 is affixed to the chest of the person 4. Here, the appliance 34 isaffixed to the person 40 with sufficient rigidity so that the axes ofthe appliance 34 represent the orientation of the chest of the person 4.In FIG. 1, only an axis 46 linked to the appliance 34 is shown. Theorientation of the axis 46 relative to the direction of the magneticnorth is indicated by an angle θ in FIG. 1. This information is calledthe “heading”.

FIG. 2 gives a more detailed view of the appliance 34. In thisembodiment, the appliance 34 comprises essentially:

-   -   an accelerometer 48 capable of measuring the acceleration of the        appliance 34 along three mutually orthogonal measurement axes,        and    -   a magnetometer 50 capable of measuring the projection of the        magnetic field on three orthogonal measurement axes,        constituting the referential system of the magnetometer.

The measurement axes of the accelerometer 48 and of the magnetometer 50are collinear in order to simplify the computations.

The accelerometer 48 and the magnetometer 50 are connected to atransmitter 52 which sends out the measured and acquired data to thecomputer 36 by means of the link 38.

FIGS. 3 to 6 represent data bases 54, 56, 58 and 60 used to implementthe method of FIG. 7. For example, these data bases are recorded in thememory 44.

The base 54 is a base of magnetic signatures of electrical appliances.This base 54 comprises a first column containing identifiers A_(i) ofthe electrical appliances and a second column associating, with each ofthese identifiers A_(i), a reference magnetic signature SA_(iref).

The base 56 associates an activity identifier Act_(i) with eachoff-switchable electrical appliance identifier A_(i). The identifierAct_(i) identifies one or more activities of the person 4 associatedwith the use of the appliance corresponding to the identifier A_(i). Forexample, if the appliance is an electrical razor or an electricaltoothbrush, the activity associated with these appliances is that ofwashing the upper part of the body. If the electrical appliance is acooker, a kettle, a toaster or a mixer, the associated activity is thepreparation of meals. If the electrical appliance is a vacuum cleaner,the associated activity is housework. If the electrical appliance is atelevision set, the associated activity is watching television. Theseexamples are not restrictive and there are many other possibleactivities that can be associated with the use of an off-switchableelectrical appliance.

With each identifier A_(i) of an fixed electrical appliance, the base 58associates information items L_(i) on its localization in thesurroundings 6. The information items L_(i) can be coordinates expressedin a fixed XYZ referential in the surroundings 6 or simply an identifierof a location such as “kitchen”, “sitting room”, “washroom”, etc. Thisbase 58 is therefore a mapping of the fixed electrical appliances in thesurroundings 6.

With each magnetic signature referenced SP_(iref) of a local disturbanceof the terrestrial magnetic field produced by a fixed magneticdisturbing element, the base 60 associates information elements L_(i) onthe position of this disturbance in the surroundings 6. As above, theinformation items L_(i) can be coordinates expressed in the XYZreferential or the identifier of a location. This base 60 is a mappingof the local disturbances of the terrestrial magnetic field in thesurroundings 6.

The working of the system 2 shall now be described in greater detailwith reference to the method of FIG. 7.

The method runs essentially in two phases: a learning phase 70 of thesystem 2 followed by a phase 72 for using the system.

The phase 70 is a phase for entering information into the different databases 54, 56, 58 and 60.

To this end, the phase 70 comprises a step 74 for entering informationinto the data base 60.

Before proceeding to the step 74, all the off-switchable electricalappliances present are switched to the off mode.

Then, during an operation 80, the magnetometer 50 is placed in proximityto a magnetic disturbing element of the surroundings 6 and kept unmovingat this location.

During an operation 82, the magnetometer 50 measures the magnetic fieldand the acquired measurements are transmitted, for example, to thecomputer 36.

During an operation 84, the acquired measurements are filtered so as tokeep only the measurements representing the terrestrial magnetic fieldH_(t). To this end, the high-frequency components of the measuredmagnetic field are eliminated. For example, the computer 36 implements alowpass filter whose cut-off frequency at −3 dB is lower than or equalto 0.1 Hz.

At the same time as the operations 82 and 84, during an operation 86,the information elements L_(i) on the current position of themagnetometer 50 in the surroundings 6 are read.

Also, at the same time as the operation 86, in an operation 88, theaccelerometer 48 measures the direction of the terrestrial gravitationalforce G in a reference system linked to the sensor.

Then, using these different measurements, at a step 90, the computer 36builds the signature SP_(iref) of the local disturbance of theterrestrial magnetic field H_(t) at the current position of themagnetometer 50. For example, during the operation 90, the module Mp_(i)and the direction of the disturbed terrestrial magnetic field H_(t) arecomputed from measurements made along the three measurement axes of themagnetometer 50. Furthermore, an angle α_(i), between the direction ofthe gravitation force G and the field H_(t) is computed. When there isno magnetic disturbing element, the angle α_(i) is substantially equalto 30° under French conditions. If a magnetic disturbing element ispresent in proximity to the magnetometer 50, this modifies the directionof the lines of the terrestrial magnetic field and therefore the valueof this angle α_(i). Similarly, the presence in proximity to themagnetometer 50 of a modified magnetic disturbing element also modifiesthe modulus of the terrestrial magnetic field. The modulus Mp_(i) andthe angle α_(i) therefore make it possible to identify a localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field and thus constitute amagnetic signature of this local disturbance.

During an operation 92, if the magnetic signature SP_(iref) built duringthe operation 90 is sufficiently different from the one obtained whenthere is no magnetic disturbing element, then this signature is recordedin the base 60 associated with the information items L_(i) read duringthe operation 86.

These operations 80 to 92 are repeated in proximity to the main fixedmagnetic disturbing elements of the surroundings 6 to provideinformation to the data base 60. If certain magnetic disturbing elementsare not visible (for example a piping system, a metal beam embedded inconcrete etc), it is possible to this end to systematically move thesensor from one node to another according to a pre-set grid pattern. Forexample, the meshes of this grid pattern are square and the length ofthe side of each mesh is equal to one meter. The phase 70 may alsocomprise a step 100 for characterizing the high-frequency magneticbackground noise of the surroundings 6 followed by a step 102 forproviding information to the bases 54, 56 and 58.

Before the step 100, all the off-switchable electrical appliances areswitched into off mode.

At the start of the step 100, during an operation 102, the magnetometer50 is placed at a location considered to represent the magneticbackground noise existing in the surroundings 6. Then, again during theoperation 102, the magnetometer 50 measures the magnetic field and themeasurements thus acquired are transmitted for example to the computer36. The measurements are also made on successive time slots of apredetermined duration ΔT. For example, the duration ΔT is equal to onesecond.

During an operation 104, the acquired measurements are filtered to keeponly the high-frequency components of the magnetic field. For example,the measurements are filtered by means of a highpass filter whosecut-off frequency at −3 dB is equal to 10 Hz.

At an operation 106, the frequency spectrum of the magnetic fieldmeasured along each of the axes of measurement during a time slot ΔT iscomputed. For example, at the operation 106, a frequency spectrum iscomputed for each of the axes of measurement by using a Fast FourierTransform (FFT).

Then, at an operation 108, a modulus Ma_(0env) of the 50 Hz component ofthe measured magnetic field is computed. For example, the modulusMa_(0env) is computed from the norm of this frequency spectra of thedifferent axes of measurement.

Once the modulus Ma_(0env) has been computed, it is recorded in thememory 44 during an operation 110.

The step 102 is a step for entering information into the data bases 54,56 and 58. To this end, at an operation 120, the magnetometer 50 isplaced in proximity to an electric appliance and if necessary thiselectric appliance can be shifted into an on mode.

Then, at an operation 122, the magnetometer measures the magnetic fieldradiated by this appliance and the measurements acquired are transmittedto the computer 36. At the same time, the information items L_(i) on theposition of this appliance in the surroundings 6 are read.

As here above, the measurements of the magnetic field are made onsuccessive time intervals ΔT, for example of one second.

Then, at an operation 124, the acquired measurements are filtered bymeans of a high-pass filter whose cut-off frequency at −3 dB is greaterthan or equal to 10 Hz. For example, this operation is identical to theoperation 104.

Then, at an operation 126, moduli Ma_(jiref) of spectral components ofthe magnetic field are computed from the filtered measurements, wherethe indices j and i are identifiers respectively of the spectralcomponent and of the electrical appliance. Here, the moduli Ma_(0iref)to Ma_(5iref) of the spectral components of the magnetic field,respectively at 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hz and 300 Hz arecomputed. The modulus Ma_(0iref) is that of the component which is atthe fundamental frequency of the supply current and the other moduliMa_(1iref) to Ma_(5iref) are those of the components at the harmonics ofthe fundamental frequency. For example, each modulus Ma_(jiref) iscomputed as described for the modulus Ma_(0env).

Then, at an operation 130, the modulus Ma_(0iref) is compared with themodulus Ma_(0env) of the background noise. If the modulus Ma_(0iref) iscloser to or smaller than the modulus Ma_(0env) then the computer 36deduces from this that there is no electrical appliance in on mode, andthe procedure returns to the operation 120. At this new operation 120,it is necessary either to change the place of the magnetometer to bringit closer to the electrical appliance or switch the electrical applianceinto on mode if this has not already been done.

If not, the method continues with an operation 132 in which the moduliMa_(jiref) computed on several successive timeslots ΔT are averagedbetween one another so as to obtain an average modulus Mam_(jiref) foreach spectral component used here.

Then, in an operation 134, several reference ratios P_(jiref) arecomputed. For example, the ratios P_(jiref) are computed by means of thefollowing formula:P _(jiref) =Mam _(jiref) /Mam _(0iref), for jε{1, . . . , 5}

The ratios P_(jiref) are characteristic of the electrical appliancesituated in the vicinity. Furthermore, the ratios P_(jiref) have theadvantage of not varying as a function of the distance between themagnetometer of the electrical appliance.

For example, the frequency spectra of a fan and a kettle, afterfiltering by the high-pass filter and corresponding respectively to theidentifiers A₁ and A₂, have been shown respectively in FIGS. 8 and 9.The moduli Mam_(jiref) are very different from one electrical applianceto another, and this fact is used here to identify them.

The different ratios P_(jiref) computed for an electrical appliancecorresponding to the identifier A_(i) constitute the magnetic signatureSA_(iref) of this appliance.

Finally, during an operation 136, the built signature SA_(iref) isrecorded in the data base 54 associated with the identifier A_(i) of thecorresponding electrical appliance.

At this operation 136, if the electrical appliance whose magneticsignature has been built is a fixed electrical appliance, then the database 58 is complemented with the information items L_(i) on the positionof this appliance read during the operation 122.

Finally, if the electrical appliance whose magnetometer signature hasbeen built is an off-switchable electrical appliance, then the data base56 is also complemented by associating an identifier Act_(i) of thecorresponding activity with the identifier A_(i).

The operations 120 to 136 are reiterated for the main electricalappliances present in the surroundings 6. This therefore includes theoven 10, the kettle 14, the television set 16, the washing machine 20,the electrical conductor 24 and the convector 26.

Once the learning phase 70 has been completed, it is possible to proceedto the phase of use 72.

During the phase 72, the appliance 34 is worn, for example permanently,by the person 4.

At a step 150, the magnetometer 50 permanently measures the magneticfield. At the same time, at a step 152, the accelerometer 48 permanentlymeasures the accelerations undergone by the appliance 34.

These measurements are transmitted to the computer 36 by means of thelink 38, the receiver 40 and the network 42.

On the basis of these measurements, the computer 36 in a step 154identifies the electrical appliance in proximity to the person 4.

To this end, in an operation 156, the measurements of the magnetometerare filtered by means of a high-pass filter. This operation 156 isidentical for example to the operation 104 or 124.

Then, in an operation 158, the moduli Ma_(j) of the spectral componentsrespectively at the frequencies 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 150 Hz, 200 Hz, 250 Hzand 300 Hz are computed. The modules Ma_(j) are computed as describedfor the moduli Ma_(jiref) at the operation 126.

During the operation 160, the computed modulus Ma₀ is compared with themodulus M_(0env) of the background noise. If the modulus Ma₀ is close toor smaller than the module M_(0env), then the method returns to the step156 to process the measurements made on the next time slot ΔT. Indeed,this means that there is no electrical appliance in proximity to themagnetometer 50.

If not, at an operation 162, the computer 36 builds a magnetic signatureSA of the electrical appliance situated in proximity to the magnetometer50. For example, the operation 162 is identical to the operations 132and 134 combined except that they are applied to the measurements madeat the step 150. The signature SA consists of the ratios P_(j) betweenthe modules Mam_(j) and the module Mam₀.

Then, at an operation 164, the signature SA is compared with thesignatures SA_(iref) contained in the data base 54. If the signature SAcorresponds to one of the reference signatures SA_(iref), then theidentifier of the electrical appliance A_(i) associated with thissignature SA_(iref) is retrieved. When the identifier A_(i) of anappliance is retrieved, this electrical appliance is considered to beidentified. If not, no electrical appliance has been identified and themethod returns to the operation 156 to process the measurements made onthe following time slot ΔT.

Here, the signature SA is compared with the signatures SA_(iref) usingthe following formula:S=Σ(P _(j)−P_(jiref))²

The signature SA corresponds to a reference signature SA_(iref) if thissum S is below a predetermined threshold.

When a fixed electrical appliance is identified, the method continueswith the step 170 for localizing the person 4. This step 170 is a stepfor retrieving the information items L_(i) associated with theidentifier A_(i) in the data base 58. Indeed, following the step 154, itis known that the person 24 is in proximity to the identified electricalappliance. If the identifier A_(i) is that of a fixed appliance in thesurroundings 6, then it gives an indication on the position of theperson 4 in his surroundings. For example, the information items L_(i)are sufficiently precise to give an indication of the room of the housein which the person 4 is located.

At the same time, if the identified electrical appliance is anoff-switchable electrical appliance, then at a step 172 the activity ofthe person 4 is determined. At this step 172, the computer 36 makes asearch in the data base 56 for the identifier Act_(i) associated withthe retrieved identifier A_(i). For example, if the person 4 hasswitched the kettle 14 into on mode, it means with a degree of highcertainty that this person 4 is preparing a meal.

At the same time as the step 154, during a step 180, the measurements ofthe magnetometer and the accelerometer are also used to identify a localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field.

To this end, in an operation 182, a magnetic signature SP of a localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field in which the appliance 34is located is built. The operation 182 is identical for example to theoperations 82, 84 and 90 combined except that they are applied to themeasurements made during the steps 150 and 152.

Then, at a step 184, the signature SP is compared with the referencesignatures SP_(iref) contained in the data base 60. For example, thiscomparison is made as described with reference to the operation 164.

If the signature SP corresponds to one of the reference signaturesSP_(iref), then a local magnetic disturbance is identified.

The method continues then with a step 188 for locating the person 4 onthe basis of the identified magnetic disturbance. At the step 188, theinformation items L_(i) associated with the signature SP_(iref)corresponding to the signature SP are retrieved in the data base 60.There is thus an indication on the position of the person 4 in hissurroundings that is sufficient for example to indicate the room inwhich this person is located.

Should the signature SP not correspond to any of the signaturesSP_(iref) quite simply because the magnetometer is not in proximity to amagnetic disturbing element, then the operation proceeds to a step 190in which the angle θ between the magnetic north and the axis 46 is read.The direction of the magnetic north is obtained from measurements madeat the step 150 by the magnetometer.

At a step 200, the information obtained at the end of the steps 170,172, 188 and 190 are processed for different ends.

For example, at the step 200, the information items on the location ofthe person 4 obtained at the end of the step 170 and 188 arecross-checked to specify or confirm the localizing of this person.

The information items on the localizing of the person 4 and theindications on the activity of this person at the same point in time arecross-checked to specify or confirm the activity of the person.

At the step 200, the orientation of the person obtained at the end ofthe step 190 and the indications on the activity of this person obtainedat the step 172 are cross-checked to specify or confirm the activity ofthe person. For example, if it has been determined that the person 4 iswatching television and that the orientation obtained at the end of thestep 190 of this person 4 is incompatible with this activity, then theactivity in question is not confirmed and if necessary an abnormalbehavior is reported. Similarly, if the information obtained on theperson's position indicates that he is in bed and if the orientationmeasured at the step 190 indicates that the person 4 is reclining acrossthe bed, then a new indication of abnormal behavior is activated.

At the step 200, the different pieces of information read may be used todetermine the degree of dependency of the person 4. To this end, forexample, the activities read and their frequencies are compared with the“standard” behavior. Deviations in the behavior of the person comparedwith this standard behavior indicate a loss of independence of thisperson.

Many other embodiments are possible. For example, the magnetometer maybe a vector magnetic sensor capable of measuring the amplitude of theprojection of the magnetic field over several axes of measurement or ascalar magnetic sensor which measures the modulus of the field. Thescalar magnetic sensor is preferably an isotropic scalar magneticsensor, i.e. one whose measurement is independent of its orientation andspace. A scalar magnetic sensor may prove to be less bulky and lesscostly.

The base 54 of signatures of the electrical appliances may be common todifferent surroundings of different persons.

The identification of the electrical appliances or the localdisturbances of the terrestrial magnetic field can be done in real timeor it can be deferred. If this identification is done in real time, thenpreferably the appliance 34 is replaced by an appliance equipped with acomputer capable of locally performing all the computations needed forthis identification. If this identification is deferred, thearchitecture of the system 2 as described here is sufficient.

If several electrical appliances proximate to one another are used atthe same time, techniques for separating sources of magnetic fields canbe used to determine the contribution of each appliance to the magneticfield measured by the magnetometer. To this end, the following documentsmay be referred to and are incorporated herein by reference:<<Séparation aveugle de mélange convolutif de sources>> (“Blindseparation of convolutive mixture of sources”), thesis by H. Boumaraf,26 Oct. 2005, accessibleat: http://www-ljk.imag.fr ouhttp://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011643/fr/

The background noise used to determine the absence of an electricalappliance proximate to the magnetometer can be a temporal mean of theevolution of the electromagnetic field measured over a time range or aninstantaneous amplitude of this measured magnetic field or a combinationof the module of the measured magnetic field for several frequencies.

The localization of the person 4 using local disturbances of theterrestrial magnetic field can be omitted in order to simplify themethod.

Similarly, the measurement of the orientation of the person 4 relativeto the magnetic north can be omitted.

If the distance R between the magnetometer and the electrical applianceis sufficient for this electrical appliance to be modeled as being adipole, then it is also possible to estimate this distance R frommeasurements of the magnetometer. The distance thus estimated is thenused to specify the location or activity of the person 4.

The step 100 for characterizing the background noise can also be omittedif there is no major high frequency magnetic disturbance in thesurroundings 6.

Comparing a built magnetic signature with the signatures contained in adata base can be done by many different methods. For example, to thisend, we may refer to the following work, the contents of which areherein incorporated by reference: <<Apprentissage artificiel: Conceptset algorithmes>> (Artificial learning: concepts and algorithms), A.Cornuégiols—L. Miclet—Y. Kodratoff—T. Mitchel, édition Eyrolles, 2^(nd)édition.

In particular, the identification of the built signature can be done bylearning:

-   -   by estimation of density of probability using Bayesian networks,    -   by optimization using neural networks or vast margin separators        (VMS), or    -   by decision tree.

Magnetic signatures other than those described here can be used. Forexample, the magnetic signature may be a temporal evolution,characteristic of the electromagnetic field radiated by the electricalappliance. Ratios other than the ratios of the modulus of the componentto the fundamental frequency can be used to characterize the magneticfield radiated by an electrical appliance. Similarly, a localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field can be characterizedsolely by its modulus Mp_(i) or solely by the angle α_(i).

Filtering by means of a high-pass filter can be replaced by the use of aband-pass filter and preferably a band-pass filter having a bandwidth of5 Hz to 1 kHz.

During the operation 108, the modulus Ma_(0env) can be replaced by anaverage between different modules Ma_(0env) computed on differentsuccessive time slots ΔT.

A modulus Ma_(0env) can be computed at a single location of thesurroundings 6 or at several locations. In the latter case, if severalmoduli Ma_(0env) are computed, either they are recorded individually inthe memory 44 or the modulus Ma_(0env) is replaced for the remainder ofthe operations by an average of these different modules Ma_(0env).

As a variant, the magnetometer 50 is powered by self-induction, i.e. byusing the magnetic field radiated by the electrical appliances situatedin proximity.

Here, the magnetometer described is the same for measuring thehigh-frequency and low-frequency magnetic fields. As a variant, twodifferent magnetometers are used, each to measure one of these magneticfields.

The information on the localizing of an object in the surroundings canbe taken by means of measuring appliances such as for example a GPSlocalizing appliance in surroundings where such localizing is possible.

The method for localizing people through local disturbance of theterrestrial magnetic field can be implemented independently of the othermethods described here and especially independently of the method forlocalizing a person through electromagnetic fields radiated by fixedelectrical appliances.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for localizing a person insurroundings equipped with fixed electrical appliances, said methodcomprising: measuring an electromagnetic field radiated by one or moreof these fixed electrical appliances by means of a magnetometer carriedby the person to be localized, identifying a fixed electrical applianceoperating in proximity to the magnetometer by comparing the measuredmagnetic field with pre-recorded magnetic signatures, each pre-recordedmagnetic signature being associated with a respective electricalappliance present in the surroundings, and localizing the person atleast in part on the basis of pre-recorded items of information aboutlocalization, in the surroundings, of the fixed electrical applianceidentified by its magnetic signature.
 2. The method according to claim1, wherein identifying the electrical appliance comprises: computing atleast one ratio between the moduli of two spectral components of theelectromagnetic field measured at two different frequencies, andcomparing this computed ratio or ratios with reference ratiosrepresentative of the pre-recorded magnetic signatures.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising filtering the measured magneticfield to perform the identification step solely from spectral componentsof the measured magnetic field that are greater than 10 Hz.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the surroundings further comprisefixed magnetic disturbing elements, each capable of producing a localdisturbance of the terrestrial magnetic field, the method furthercomprising: measuring the disturbed terrestrial magnetic field by meansof a magnetometer carried by the person, and identifying the localdisturbance in which the magnetometer is located by comparing themeasured disturbed terrestrial magnetic field with pre-recorded magneticsignatures of local disturbances of the terrestrial magnetic fieldmeasurable in these surroundings, and localizing the person at least inpart on the basis of pre-recorded items of information aboutlocalization, in the surroundings, of the local disturbance identifiedby its magnetic signature.
 5. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe method includes measuring, by means of a magnetometer, an anglebetween a reference direction of the magnetometer attached to the personand magnetic north.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein themethod includes comparing a characteristic of the magnetic fieldmeasured by the magnetometer with a predetermined threshold, andinhibiting the identification of the electrical appliance if thischaracteristic crosses this predetermined threshold and, if not,continuing of the identification of the electrical appliance.
 7. Anon-transitory tangible information-recording medium having encodedthereon software for implementing a method for localizing a person insurroundings equipped with fixed electrical appliances, the softwareincluding instructions that, when executed by an electronic computer,cause the computer to: request and receive a measure of anelectromagnetic field radiated by one or more of the fixed electricalappliances by means of a magnetometer carried by the person to belocalized, identify the fixed electrical appliance operating inproximity to the magnetometer by comparing the measured magnetic fieldwith pre-recorded magnetic signatures, each pre-recorded magneticsignature being associated with a respective electrical appliancepresent in the surroundings, and localize the person at least in part onthe basis of pre-recorded items of information about the localization,in the surroundings, of the fixed electrical appliance identified by itsmagnetic signature.
 8. A system for localizing a person in surroundings,said system comprising: a magnetometer that can be carried by the personto be localized, a computer-readable storage medium having storedthereon a data base containing pre-recorded magnetic signatures, eachcapable of enabling identification of a fixed electrical appliance inthe surroundings among several fixed electrical appliances present inthe surroundings, and a computer configured to: identify a fixedelectrical appliance operating in proximity to the magnetometer bycomparing an electromagnetic field measured by the magnetometer with thepre-recorded magnetic signatures contained in the data base, andlocalizing the person at least in part on the basis of pre-recordedinformation items about localization, in the surroundings, of the fixedelectrical appliance identified by its magnetic signature.
 9. The systemaccording to claim 8, wherein the system further comprises fixedelectrical appliances present in the surroundings, the magneticsignatures of which are contained in the data base, the electricalappliances being chosen from the group consisting of domestic electricalappliances, lighting appliances, electrical convection devices, andmultimedia appliances.
 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein themagnetometer comprises an isotropic scalar magnetometer.